Death, Commemoration & Memory in the Viking World - HIS00094M
Module summary
In an Icelandic saga, a family are burned to death in their home. In Norway, a medieval queen is laid to rest in a custom-built ship, driven into a massive earth mound. In Dorset, 54 medieval Scandinavian skeletons are found decapitated. It is often through the record of death that we are able to learn about the life and worldview of the Vikings. All human societies remember, commemorate and even celebrate their dead; but across the Viking diaspora, there was no one way to deal with the dead. The Viking dead might feast in Valhalla, or be prisoners of Hel, or await resurrection at the Last Judgement. They might be buried or cremated; put in ship burials or funerary mounds or forgotten patches of land and sea; marked with hogbacks or standing stones or not at all. Some commemorations were entirely pagan; others drew on the new Christian religion.
This module seeks to understand the traces left in the varied death records of the Viking age in different parts of the diaspora. It takes an interdisciplinary approach to the Viking age dead, how they were commemorated and how memories were preserved. Alongside the archaeology of funerary practices, there is a wealth of information in sagas, poetry, laws, and runic inscriptions, revealing how death was understood in the Viking world. This module drives towards an understanding of the role of remembrance in funerary practices and the importance – to the Vikings and to us – of preserving the memories of the dead.
Module will run
| Occurrence | Teaching period |
|---|---|
| A | Autumn Term 2022-23 |
Module aims
The module aims to:
- Develop skills of source analysis and interpretation;
- Assess a range of source material and relevant secondary works; and
- Develop students’ powers of evidence-based historical argument, both orally and in writing.
Module learning outcomes
After completing this module students should have:
- An understanding of the historical context of the Viking diaspora
- An appreciation of the range of practices related to death and memory used in the Viking world
- An awareness of the variety of source material available to study the topic and an understanding of some of the problems involved in the use of these sources
- The ability to use and reflect critically upon a range of relevant interdisciplinary primary and secondary material: historical texts, manuscripts, archaeological evidence, runic inscriptions, numismatics and literary sources (e.g. skaldic poetry)
- An understanding of comparative approaches to historical questions
- An appreciation of the role of memory in history and history writing
Module content
Teaching Programme:
Students will attend eight weekly two-hour seminars in weeks 2-9.
Seminar topics are subject to variation, but are likely to include the following:
-
How to Die a Viking: Theories, Connections and Intersections
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Notions of Death in Norse Myth and Religion
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Viking age Funerary Practices: The Textual Evidence
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Viking age Funerary Practices: The Archaeological Evidence
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Material Memories: Runic inscriptions
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Material Memories: Hogbacks
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Commemorations in Song and Story: Skaldic verse and the Sagas
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Death, Magic and Memory
Indicative assessment
| Task | % of module mark |
|---|---|
| Essay/coursework | 100 |
Special assessment rules
None
Additional assessment information
Students will complete a 2,000-word formative essay, due in week 6 of Autumn term. They will then submit a 4,000-word assessed essay for summative assessment in week 2 of Spring term.
For further details about assessed work, students should refer to the Taught Masters Degrees Statement of Assessment.
Indicative reassessment
| Task | % of module mark |
|---|---|
| Essay/coursework | 100 |
Module feedback
Following their formative assessment, students will receive oral feedback at a one-to-one meeting with their tutor and written feedback consisting of comments and a mark within 10 working days of submission. Tutors are also available in their student hours to discuss formative assessment. For more information, see the Statement on Feedback.
For the summative assessment task, students will receive their provisional mark and written feedback within 20 working days of the submission deadline. The tutor will then be available during student hours for follow-up guidance if required. For more information, see the Statement of Assessment.
Indicative reading
For term time reading, please refer to the module VLE site. Before the course starts, we encourage you to look at the following items of preliminary reading:
Price, Neil. ‘Dying and the Dead: Viking Age Mortuary Behaviour’ in The Viking World ed. by Stefan Brink and Neil Price, Routledge: 2008
Sawyer, Birgit. The Viking-age Rune-stones: Custom and Commemoration in Early Medieval Scandinavia. Oxford, Oxford University Press: 2000
Williams, Howard. Death and Memory in Early Medieval Britain, Cambridge Studies in Archaeology. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press: 2006
Geary, Patrick J. Living with the Dead in the Middle Ages. Ithaca, Cornell University Press: 1994