Links to other websites

Physics Review Online

December 2022

Effects with very strong neodymium magnets YouTube video

Magnets repelling and attracting YouTube video

How we represent magnetic fields Khan Academy website

Defining the tesla  Electronics tutorials website

Delivering the 110 tonne module to ITER YouTube video

Earth's magnetic and geographic poles Hyperphysics website

Convection currents and Earth's magnetic field Cosmos magazine website

Reversal of Earth's magnetic field Arbor Scientific YouTube video

Earth's magnetosphere NASA website

Magnetic fields of Solar System planets 'Ask a Spaceman' YouTube video

Magnetic moments of atoms Veritasium YouTube video

Ferromagnetic alloys and crystals Sciencing article

Magnetic domains Magnet Academy article

'Hard' and 'soft' magnetic materials Britannica article

Ferrimagnetism Wikipedia article

Paramagnetism and diamagnetism YouTube video

Rare earth magnets Master Magnetics website

October 2022

Real time simulation of Solar System NASA website

Explanation of asteroids YouTube video

Jupiters and other moons NASA website

Oblate spheroid produced by gravity YouTube video

Centripetal force Khan Academy YouTube video

Sputnik: Earths first artificial satellite History website

Satellites now orbiting Earth Pixalytics website

Calculating satelite orbital period YouTube video

Satellites for TV YouTube video

Low Earth Orbits (LEOs) TechTarget website

Galileo satellite network YouTube video

Satellites in polar and other orbits ESA website

Satellite launches planned for 2023 Wikipedia article

Careers in the space sector Space Careers website

September 2022

Definitions and examples Warren School website

Hooke's law Lumen website

Force-extension graphs Free exam academy website

Calculations for springs in series and parallel YouTube video

Stess-strain graphs for chocolate YouTube video

Ultimate breaking stress Engineering archive website

Strength The Engineer website

Hardness Gem Society website

Defiing and measuring hardness National Physical Laboratory website

Materials vocabulary website

February 2022: Quantum Concepts 

15 Things everyone should know Bernard Marr website

Quantum computing introduction Wired video

Wave model of light Physics Online YouTube video

Oscillations in electric and magnetic fields Hyperphysics website

Emission and absorption spectra University of Rochester NY website

Photon emission and absorption Khan Academy video

Electron diffraction National STEM Centre YouTube video

de Broglie wavelength Lumen Learning website

Double slit experiment with atoms Jim Al-Khalili YouTube video

Probability waves Weber University USA website

The Many Hidden Worlds of Quantum Mechanics Wondrium website

Schrödinger’s cat thought experiment London City Girl YouTube video

Quantum entanglement Wired magazine article

What is a qubit? Quantum Inspire website

Google claims quantum supremacy Google blog

IBM disputes Google's claim IBM blog

Google to build quantum computer by 2029 The Verge article

More from Google Google quantum AI lab

Cooling quantum computers Data Centre Dynamics website

Quantum cryptography Quantumxchange website

Progress and looking ahead Physics World website

 

November 2021: Action on climate change

UNFCCC Climate Intelligence Unit website

Evidence for climate change NASA website

Countering arguments against climate change GRIST website

Report on fossil fuel use  Carbon Brief website

UK's greenest year on record  National Grid website

Comparison of greenhouse gas emissions World Nuclear Association website

Carbon capture and storage How Stuff Works website

UK wind turbine farms Sky News website

Switching to green energy: wind The Switch website

Green energy: solar and other renewables  The Switch website

Review of electric cars Auto Express website

Minerals needed by electric car industry Carbon Brief website

New jobs in clean energy Forbes website

Making the green recovery work OECD website

Carbon footprint calculator Carbon Independent website

 

September 2021: Capacitors

Smaller capacitors   Electronic Design website

How capacitors work YouTube video

Basics of capacitors and capacitance Khan Academy video

C is for capacitor Circuit Playground website

Electronic projects  Sparkfun website

Capacitor equations Electronics tutorials website

Capacitor structure and uses Radio Spares (RS) website

Capacitors in parallel and in series Lumen Learning website

Capacitors in parallel and series: charge and energy YouTube video

Time constant and exponential decay Cyberphysics website

Making a simple timer Arrow.com website

Capacitors as frequency filters Learning about Electronics website

Flash lamps Wikipedia entry

Implantable defibrillator British Heart Foundation website

Supercapacitor Graphene-info website

 

April 2021: What is so special about diamonds?

The rare diamond BBC website

More information about the diamond Courthouse News Service website

The Victor diamond mine De Beers website

Allotropes of carbon Lumen Learning website

Diamond formation processes  Geology.com website

Refractive index data US Faceters Guild website

Reflection and refraction at an interface Mammoth Memory physics website

Revise total internal reflection and critical angle Lumen Learning website

Types of diamond cut United Diamonds website

Diamond cutting  YouTube video

The Mohs hardness scale Gem Society website

Diamond drills Drilltec website

Uses of diamonds AZoM Materials Science website

Diamond devices Nanowerk website

Using CVD to make gemstones Brilliant Earth website

Diamond trade regulation Assay Office website

 

February 2021: Space telescopes

JWST home page NASA website

Looking back in time West Texas A&M University website

Solar System evolution Lunar and Planetary Institute website

HST home page NASA website

HST favourite images Space.com website

Comparing JWST and HST NASA website

The Apollo project NASA website

Edwin Hubble YouTube video

Why space telescopes? Scientific American article 

Chandra X-ray Observatory NASA website

Spitzer Space Telescope NASA website

Spitzer shutdown Spaceflight Now website 

 

November 2020: Electromagnetic radiation

Crab Nebula gamma rays  Physics.org website

ELF radio waves Wikipedia page

EM spectrum: largest to smallest wavelength NASA website

EM spectrum: smallest to largest wavelength NASA website

Colours of light  Science Learning Hub website

Seeing in colour Live Science website

Rods and cones  Arizona State University website

Infrared radiation Live Science website

Endoscopes Genesis medical physics website

Ultraviolet radiation NASA website

Fluorescence ACS YouTube video

Uses and dangers of UV radiation Andy Darvill website

Electromagnetic waves YouTube video

Polarisation YouTube video

Radio waves carrying information  How Stuff Works website

Microwaves Andy Darvill website

Microwave ovens  How Stuff Works website

Early X-ray images  NDE resource centre website

Computed tomography  Mayo Clinic website

Non-medical uses of X-rays  YouTube video

Gamma radiation  ARPNSA website

Uses of radioisotopes  World Nuclear Association website

Background radiation and safety  Legal Futures website

UV radiation risks and benefits  WHO website

UV radiation safety  NHS website

Cancer risks  Cancer Research UK website

 

September 2020: Trains for the twenty-first century

Carbon dioxide emissions BBC website

Shanghai Maglev train journey YouTube video

How Maglev works How Stuff Works website

Japan's train of the future Japan transportation website

The world's fastest trains YouTube video

New high-speed rail lines YouTube video

UK plans for HS2 BBC website

UK plans for rail upgrading  Network Rail website

Tunnelling for the Elizabeth Line Crossrail website

Updates on the Crossrail project Crossrail website

10 best city rail networks Guardian website

Plans to modernise the London Underground YouTube video

Shanghai and Beijing metro systems Shanghai News website

Virgin Hyperloop One system B1M YouTube video

 

April 2020: Applying Newton's law of gravitation

The Paralympic Games

The 2020 Paralympic Games Tokyo Olympics website

History of the Paralympic Games International Paralympic Committee website

Summer and winter paralympic sports Topend Sports website

Overview of paralympic technology Ingenia: Royal Academy of Engineering magazine

Problems faced by underfunded paralympians  New York Times article

Some designs for sport-adapted wheelchairs RMA Sport UK website

Choosing a sport and wheelchair Wheelpower website

Carbon reinforced polymers ThoughtCo  Reference website

Cycle events at the Tokyo Paralympics Tokyo Olympics website

The Tokyo para-cycling course International Paralympic Committee website

Inventions that have supported para-sport Cisco Technology Company website

Adaptive sports technologies Mental Floss article

Materials science degree courses UCAS website

Manchester Materials Science and Engineering Manchester University website 

Materials within Cambridge Natural Sciences Cambridge University website

Oxford Materials Science and Engineering Oxford University website

Swansea Materials Science and Engineering Swansea University website 

Loughborough University Sports Technology Loughborough University website

Changes in Paralympic Games over 30 years YouTube video

 

November 2019:  Radioactivity

Radioactivity

Discovery of radioactivity Royal Society of Chemistry article

Nuclear equations for alpha, beta, gamma decay Khan Academy YouTube video

Information on neutrinos Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory website

Annihilation and gamma production calculation  Radiopaedia website

Electron capture Jefferson Lab glossary

Neutron emission French National Centre for Nuclear Research website (in English)

Nuclear stability graph  Wikipedia page

Effects of ionising radiation on living things International Atomic Energy Authority website

Natural nuclear reactor YouTube video

Irradiation and contamination Canadian TeachNuclear website

Summary of background radiation 'Pass my exams' website

Map of radon in England and Wales Public Health England website

Chernobyl and Fukusmima accidents Article from 'The Conversation'

Half life and random decay Khan Academy video

Exponential decay graph Khan Academy video 

Nuclear reactor How Stuff Works

Radioactive dating World Nuclear Information site 

Medical uses of radioisotopes World Nuclear Information site

Maintaining supply of isotopes Nuclear Energy Agency YouTube video

Radiation quiz How Stuff Works

 

April 2019:  Medical imaging

Overview of techniques Siemens website

Imaging: diagrams and physics Radiology Cafe website

MRI introduction YouTube video

More on MRI How Stuff Works website

Ultrasound scan YouTube video

Eleanor Stride explains use of microbubbles YouTube video

Chris Harvey describes image enhancement with microbubbles USA National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Biomedical Engineering site l

Tracers, SPECT and PET scanning USA National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Biomedical Engineering site

Tracers used in medical imaging Slide Share website

PET and tracers YouTube video

More on PET and tracers YouTube video

Computed tomography USA National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Biomedical Engineering site

 

April 2019:  The race to the Moon: 50 years on

NASA Article 'one giant leap for mankind NASA website

Sputnik facts Space.com 'fun facts' website

The Lovell Telescope Jodrell Bank website

1958 USA government report Archive

Formation of NASA NASA website

Interview with Gagarin YouTube video

First US manned spaceflight NASA website

John F Kennedy's 'Moon speech'  NASA website

Timeline of NASA launches and tests NASA website

First woman in space NASA website

Gemini 8 docking in orbit NASA website

Reconstruction of Gemini 8 docking IMDb website

Footage from first unmanned Moon landings YouTube video

Apollo redesign YouTube video

Saturn 5 rocket launch YouTube video

NASA footage of Apollo 11 launch YouTube video

Footage from the Eagle lunar module YouTube video

Armstrong's first steps on the Moon YouTube video

NASA restored footage NASA website

 

February 2019:  The Periodic Table

Why have an International Year of the Periodic Table? IUPAC website

Interactive Periodic Table Royal Society of Chemistry website

Element podcasts The Naked Scientists website

Dmitri Mendeleev Khan Academy article

Timeline of discoveries relating to the Periodic Table Timeline website

Properties of the halogens  (Flourine Group) YouTube video

Atomic number: Moseley's experiments YouTube video

Electron configuration: GCSE BBC Bitesize website

Electron configuration: A-level Chemistry Revision Science website

Silicon and silicon wafers YouTube video

Semiconductors Hyperphysics website

Names and symbols of recently discovered elements IUPAC website

Tom Lehrer's 'Elements' song YouTube video

Tom Leher's song updated YouTube video

 

November 2018:  The new Elizabethan age

Opening the M1 NX Group website

Spaghetti Junction ITV News website

Suspension bridges 'How products are made' website

Heathrow Terminal 5 Rogers Stirk Harbours (architects) website

The Thames barrier UK Government website

Sizewell B power station EDF energy company website

Construction of The Shard YouTube video

Opening the BT Tower BT website

The Sage Gateshead Gateshead Chronicle website

The Principality stadium Company website

The Eden Project Company website

The Birmingham Rotunda Birmingham Mail website

Clyde 'Armadillo' Auditorium Company website

Plastic waste BBC News website

 

September 2018: Electricity supply

First public supply 1881 Godalming Museum website 

Worldwide access to electricity World Bank website

Worldwide life expectancy World Bank website

Worldwide power consumption World Bank website

Impact of power blackouts USA National Center for Biotechnology Information

Digest of UK Energy Statistics with sections on plant capacity and generation UK Government website

Renewable supplies in 2017 Guardian newspaper website

Power generation now Gridwatch website

Elon Musk discusses climate change YouTube video

Drax power station Power-Technology website

Combined gas turbine power station GE Power website

Fracking Economist magazine website

UK nuclear power and future plans World Nuclear Association website

Sizewell B EDF website

Effects of nuclear accidents NASA website

The Chernobyl accident Radioactivity presentation

Feed-in tariffs explained Energy Saving Trust website

Landmead solar farm YouTube video

Whitelee onshore wind farm Scottish Power website

London Array offshore wind farm London Array website

Swansea tidal lagoon Swansea lagoon website

 

April 2018: Revision

Revision tips from students Which? University website

Tips for scoring A* YouTube video

Topic summaries and videos Revision World website

AQA past papers, examiner reports AQA website

Edexcel past papers, examiner reports Edexcel website

OCR Specification A past papers, examiner reports OCR website

OCR Specification B past papers, examiner reports OCR website

WJEC examiner reports WJEC website

Past papers Physics & Maths Tutor website

Preparing for questions on practical work YouTube video

Tackling synoptic questions YouTube video

Notes and PowerPoints on physics topics PhysicsTutor Online website

Quiz on quantities and units YouTube video

 

November 2017: Lenses: the eye and the camera

Museum of vision American Academy of Ophthalmology website

Lens diagrams for converging lenses Physics Classroom

Lens diagrams for diverging lenses Physics Classroom

Optical bench interactive Physics classroom

Using the thin lens formula Khan Academy YouTube video

Long and short sight YouTube video

Correcting long and short sight: explanation with diagrams YouTube video

Eye health, vision defects, contact lenses, laser eye surgery 'All about vision' website

Optometry careers College of Optometrists

Introduction to film and digital cameras Panasonic website

Explanation of CCD Wikipedia

Digital images Cornell University website

Using a digital single lens reflex camera YouTube video

Comparing the eye and the camera Tutorial

 

September 2017: Practical Skills

Practical techniques required for A-level physics Department for Education website

Measuring volume by displacement YouTube video

Avoiding errors in measurement Cabinet makers' website

Walter Lewin lecture: period of SHM YouTube video

Using a digital multimeter YouTube video

Using light gates for average velocity YouTube video

Using light gates for velocity and acceleration YouTube video

Reading a Vernier scale YouTube video

Using Vernier callipers and micrometer YouTube video

Investigating water waves with a ripple tank YouTube video

Using an oscilloscope to measure voltage and frequency YouTube video

Laser interference experiment YouTube video

Using a Geiger counter YouTube video

 

April 2017: The Atomic Nucleus

Simulation of alpha scattering National High Magnetic Field Laborator, USA: Java applet

Modelling and experimental results Rutherford's 1911 paper

X-ray frequency and atomic number Results from Moseley's experiments

Artificially induced nuclear transformation Experiments carried out by Rutherford's group

Discovery of the neutron PhysicsLAB description of Chadwick's experiment

Rutherford's and Chadwick's scattering experiments YouTube video

Neutrons and nuclear stability Nuclear power web page

Lego Binding Blocks project University of York

Lego Binding Blocks and binding energy per nucleon University of York

Binding energy per nucleon Schoolphysics website

Quarks and nucleons YouTube video

 

February 2017: developing theories

Climate change consensus NASA website

A 'scientific method' University of California, Riverside: overview of how theories might be developed and modified

Hypothesis Definition and discussion

Wegener's theory University of California at Berkeley: an account of Wegener's ideas about continental drift and the theory of plate tectonics

Argument from ignorance Wikipedia page

Precession of the perihelion of Mercury University of California, Riverside

The 1919 solar eclipse expedition Wired.com online magazine page

Binary pulsars Georgia State University: hyperphysics page

Language for measurement Institute of Physics practicalphysics.org website

Cold fusion Wikipedia page

Nature Webpage of the scientific journal Nature

Nature peer review Peer review webpage of the scientific journal Nature

Thomas Kuhn Wikipedia page

 

November 2016: Forces and Fields

Faraday, Maxwell, Thomson USA National high magnetic field laboratory website

Tour of the word's strongest magnet USA National high magnetic field laboratory website

Ferrofluid and magnetised objects YouTube video

Magnetic field configurations Image gallery

Sun's magnetic field NASA video

Water molecules in electric field YouTube video

Polarisation of dielectric in capacitor YouTube video

Demonstration of electric field lines CLEAPSS video

Two point charges between parallel plates YouTube video 

Two electrodes with positive charge Photograph 

10 ways to 'see' an electric field YouTube video

Faraday cage demonstration YouTube video 

Gravitational force between planet and moon Interactive

Variations in Earth's gravitational field NASA image

 

September 2016: Music and Sound

Schlieren flow visualisation YouTube video

Standing waves in open tubes YouTube Khan Academy video

Standing waves in closed tubes YouTube Khan Academy video

Flute, clarinet and oboe YouTube video

Standing waves on a string YouTube video

Strobe: standing wave on a string YouTube video

Violin, flute, cello, Chinese clarinet, saxophone and percussion YouTube Walter Lewin lecture 

Violin, clarinet, bassoon, saxophone; helium YouTube Walter Lewin lecture

Ear animation YouTube video

Decibel scale and logs YouTube Khan Academy video

Hearing loss Government information website

Hearing test YouTube video

Sound physics experiments Chrome music lab 

 

April 2016: Looking ahead

Mars in 2020 NASA website

Previous Mars missions NASA website

Kepler 452b NASA website about a possible Earth-like exoplanet 

What is dark energy? Hubble telescope website

Pentaquark CERN announces a new class of particles

Future accelerators International Committee for Future Accelerators website

Better power supplies Pocket-lint website

Constructing the ITER fusion experiment Time-lapse video 

HS1 high speed rail link Crossrail website

New Queensferry Crossing Forth bridge website

HS2 high speed rail link Government website

New Thames Hub design rejected Architects' website

Terahertz imaging Article on new applications

 

February 2016: Video and audio explanations

100 Second Science - Short videos answering scientific questions

What is dark matter? - 100 second video about dark matter

What is antimatter? - 100 second video about antimatter

Microwave polarization - YouTube video

Electromagnetic induction - YouTube video

Motors and Generators - YouTube video

 

November 2015: The Hubble space telescope

Hubble - Hubble's anniversary website

Space Shuttle Discovery - Museum webpage

Biography of Hubble - Space.com article

Red Shift and the Big Bang - YouTube video

Hubble's first photo - Time.com article

25 Years of Hubble - YouTube video

How the Hubble Telescope works - HowStuffWorks.com article

Americaspace - Article on the repair of the Hubble telescope

Final Hubble repair mission - YouTube video

Hubble homepage (USA) - Official homepage

Hubble homepage (Europe) - Official homepage

Flight through a star cluster - YouTube video

September 2015: Silver

Uses of silver - Online article

The many uses of Silver - Geology.com article

Silver's chemical properties - Element's chemical data

How do photovoltaics work? - NASA article

Making a glove work with a touch screen - Video and tutorial

Film processing - Informative webpage

Silver as an anti-bacterial - Informative webpage

Water purification - Magazine article

Silver in Australia - Informative webpage

 

April 2015: Orders of magnitude

Scales of the Universe - Interactive widget

Standard form - Informative website

Orders of Magnitude - Informative website

"Powers of Ten" - Youtube video

"Powers of Ten - Ultimate Zoom" - YouTube video

Fermi's Piano Tuner Problem - Physics problem

The Oil Drop Experiment - How to estimate the size of an atom

A Collection of Estimation Questions - Informative Webpage