• Language and Linguistic Science home
• About us
• People
• Research
  • Phonetics and Phonology
  • Sociolinguistics
  • Language History and Language Diversity
  • Forensic Speech Science
  • Syntax
  • Conversation analysis
  • Psycholinguistics
  • University research themes
  • Projects
    • Interactions in Grammatical Systems: North-South Dialect Variation in England
    • Enhancing comparability: modelling linguistic systems to advance typology
    • Feast and Famine: Confronting overabundance and defectivity in language
    • Non-lexical vocalisations
    • Humans and machines: novel methods for testing speaker recognition performance
    • Anatomy, acoustics, and the individual
    • Eegimaa morphology
    • EQUITy
    • GMS
    • Multicultural London English
    • Supporting Deaf Children
    • TUULS
    • York BabyLab Studies
    • Completed projects
    • The book of refugees
  • Research centres
  • English language
  • York Papers in Linguistics
• For current students
• Staff area (login required)
• Undergraduate study
• Postgraduate study
• Languages at York
• CPD courses
• CertTESOL
• York Papers in Linguistics
• Language Teaching Forum
• Visiting scholars
• Careers
• For schools
• News and events
• You said, we did
• Equality and Diversity
• Contact and find us

Outputs 

Journal articles and book chapters (most recent first)

• Llamas, C. & Watt, D. (2015). Scottish, English, British? Innovations in attitude measurement. Language and Linguistics Compass 8(11): 610-617.
• Watt, D., Llamas, C., Docherty, G.J., Hall, D. & Nycz, J. (2014). Language and identity on the Scottish/English border. In Watt, D. & Llamas, C. (eds.). Language, Borders and Identity. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 8-26.
• Watt, D., Llamas, C. & Johnson, D.E. (2013). Sociolinguistic variation on the Scottish-English border. In Lawson, R. (ed.). Sociolinguistics in Scotland. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 79-102.
• Watt, D. (2012). Carlisle. In Hughes, A., Trudgill, P. & Watt, D. Accents of English: An Introduction to Social and Regional Varieties of English in the British Isles, 5th edn. London: Hodder Education, pp. 123-127.
• Docherty, G.J., Watt, D., Llamas, C., Hall, D. & Nycz, J. (2011). Variation in Voice Onset Time along the Scottish-English border. Proceedings of the 17th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, Hong Kong, August 2011, pp. 591-594.
• Llamas, C., Watt, D. & Johnson, D.E. (2009). Linguistic accommodation and the salience of national identity markers in a border town. Journal of Language and Social Psychology 28(4): 381-407.
• Llamas, C. (2010). Convergence and divergence across a national border. In Llamas, C. & Watt, D. (eds.). Language and Identities. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 227-236.
• Watt, D., Llamas, C. & Johnson, D.E. (2010). Levels of linguistic accommodation across a national border. Journal of English Linguistics 38(3): 270-289.

Conference presentations and invited talks (* = invited talk; ** = keynote paper)

2008

• Llamas, C., Johnson, D. & Watt, D. (2008). Rhoticity in four Scottish/English border localities. Sociolinguistics Symposium 17, Amsterdam, Netherlands, April 2008.
• *Llamas, C., Watt, D., Johnson, D.E. & Pichler, H. (2008). The salience of national identity markers in a border town: insights from linguistic accommodation. 11th International Conference on Language and Social Psychology, Tucson, Arizona, July 2008.
• Llamas, C., Johnson, D.E., Watt, D. & Hall, D. (2008). Variable /r/ use along the Scottish-English border. NWAV (New Ways of Analyzing Variation) 37, Houston, Texas, November 2008 (poster).

2009

• Llamas, C., Watt, D., Docherty, G.J., Hall, D. & Nycz, J. (2009). The Scottish/English borderland: phonological production, perception and attitude. International Conference on Language Variation in Europe (ICLaVE) 5, Copenhagen, Denmark, June 2009.
• Redinger, D. & Llamas, C. (2009). Innovations in the measurement and analysis of language attitudes. Production, Perception, Attitude Workshop, Leuven, Belgium, April 2009 (poster).
• Watt, D., Llamas, C., Docherty, G.J. & Hall, D. (2009). Phonological productions, perceptions and attitudes in the Scottish/English borderland. Production, Perception, Attitude Workshop, Leuven, Belgium, April 2009.
• Llamas, C., Watt, D., Docherty, G.J., Hall, D. & Nycz, J. (2009). Variation and change in /r/ in the Scottish/English borderland. 7th UK Language Variation and Change Conference (UKLVC7), Newcastle upon Tyne, September 2009.
• **Watt, D. (2009). Rethinking the role of speaker agency. 7th UK Language Variation and Change Conference (UKLVC7), Newcastle upon Tyne, September 2009.
• *Watt, D. (2009). Among the most meaningful of sounds: identities, attitudes and /r/ on the Scottish-English border. York St. John University, November 2009.

2010

• Docherty, G.J., Hall, D., Llamas, C., Nycz, J. & Watt, D. (2010). Accent and identity on the Scottish/English border. Borders and Identities Conference (BIC2010), Newcastle upon Tyne, January 2010.
• *Watt, D. (2010). Accent of birth? Linking phonological variation to attitudes and identities on the Scottish/English border. University of Cambridge, January 2010.
• *Llamas, C. (2010). Accent and identity on the Scottish/English border. University of Manchester, February 2010.
• Watt, D., Llamas, C., Docherty, G.J., Hall, D. & Nycz, J. (2010). Speaker awareness, differential use of linguistic variables, and the expression of identity. LAUD Cognitive Sociolinguistics Symposium, Landau, Germany, March 2010.
• Watt, D., Llamas, C., Docherty, G.J., Nycz, J. & Hall, D. (2010). Voice Onset Time and the Scottish Vowel Length Rule along the Scottish/English border. Conference of the British Association of Academic Phoneticians (BAAP), London, March 2010.
• Docherty, G.J., Hall, D., Llamas, C., Nycz, J. & Watt, D. (2010). Linguistic variation, geography, and identity: sound change along a national border. Northern Englishes Workshop (NEW) 4, Sheffield, April 2010.
• Docherty, G.J., Hall, D., Llamas, C., Nycz, J. & Watt, D. (2010). Dialect contact and phonological change at the variety and speaker level. Manchester Phonology Meeting (mfm) 18, Manchester, May 2010.
• *Hall, D. (2010). Accent and identity on the Scottish-English border. Berwick Civic Society, May 2010.
• *Hall, D. (2010). What's the difference between England and Scotland? Tullie House Museum and Art Gallery, Carlisle, May 2010.
• *Hall, D. (2010). What makes a border a border? Tullie House Museum and Art Gallery, Carlisle, June 2010.
• *Hall, D. (2010). Accent and identity on the Scottish-English border. Berwick Probus Club, June 2010.
• *Hall, D. (2010). What makes a border a border? Newcroft Social Group, Carlisle, September 2010.
• *Llamas, C. & Watt, D. (2010). Language, borders and identities: investigating phonological variation, attitudes and perceptions on the Scottish/English border. Cardiff University, October 2010.
• *Llamas, C. & Watt, D. (2010). Just a line on a map? Accent and identities on the Scottish/English border. Roland Bibby Memorial Lecture, Northumbrian Language Society, Morpeth, October 2010.
• *Hall, D. (2010). Just a line on a map? Accent and identities on the Scottish/English border. Carlisle and District University of the Third Age, Carlisle, October 2010.
• Llamas, C., Watt, D., Docherty, G.J., Hall, D. & Nycz, J. (2010). Linguistic variation and identity: sound change along a national border. Workshop on Sound Change, Barcelona, October 2010.
• Watt, D., Llamas, C., Docherty, G.J., Hall, D. & Nycz, J. (2010). The effects of a border: a detailed examination of production, attitude and perception. New Ways of Analyzing Variation (NWAV) 39, San Antonio, Texas, November 2010.
• *Docherty, G.J. (2010). Contact, change and conundrums: a case study of phonological variation along the English-Scottish border. Sociophonetics at the Crossroads of Speech Variation, Processing and Communication. Pisa, Italy, December 2010.

2011

• *Llamas, C. & Watt, D. (2011). English, Scottish, British? Phonological variation and national identity groupings on the Scottish-English border. University of Lancaster, February 2011.
• *Docherty, G.J. (2011). Variation and speech processing: the challenge of sociophonetic variation. Variation and Language Processing (VaLP) 2011, Chester, April 2011.
• Docherty, G.J., Llamas, C., Watt, D., Hall, D. & Nycz, J. (2011). Perspectives on the perceptual evaluation of sociophonetic variation. 6th International Conference on Language Variation in Europe (ICLaVE 6), June 2011.
• Docherty, G.J., Watt, D., Llamas, C., Hall, D. & Nycz, J. (2011). Variation in Voice Onset Time along the Scottish-English border. 17th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, Hong Kong, China, August 2011.
• *Watt, D. (2011). 'A "dialect island"? Phonological variation, social attitudes and perceptions of (r) on the Scottish/ English border. Copenhagen Sociolinguistics Circle, November 2011.
• *Docherty, G.J. (2011). Discussion paper (following Francis Nolan, Phonetic degrees of freedom: an argument for native speakers in LADO). ESRC LADO (Language Analysis for Determination of Origin) seminar, University of Essex, November 2011.
• Llamas C., Watt, D. & Docherty, G.J. (2011). The socioindexical properties of (r) in the Scottish-English border region. r'-atics-3, Bozen-Bolzano, Italy, December 2011.

2012

• Watt, D., Llamas, C. & Docherty, G.J. (2012). Probing the social-indexical properties of rhoticity in the Scottish-English border region. Phonologie de l’Anglais Contemporain (PAC), Toulouse, February 2012.
• Watt, D., Llamas, C., Docherty, G.J., Fabricius, A.H. & Kendall, T. (2012). Interaction of merging vowels and derhoticisation in Borders English. Conference of the British Association of Academic Phoneticians (BAAP), Leeds, March 2012.
• Docherty, G.J., Llamas, C. & Watt, D. (2012). Production and perception of a salient phonetic feature: /r/ and identity in Northern Britain. Conference of the British Association of Academic Phoneticians (BAAP), Leeds, March 2012.
• *Watt, D. (2012). Sociophonetics. International Summer School on Forensic Linguistic Analysis, Barcelona, July 2012.

2013

• **Watt, D. (2013). Crossing lines and building bridges: What AISEB can tell us about accent and identity at international borders. 2nd Borders and Identities Conference (BIC2013), Rijeka, Croatia, March 2013.
• **Llamas, C. (2013). A line on a map and a sound change: derhoticisation and the Scottish/English border. 3rd Undergraduate Linguistics Association of Britain (ULAB) Conference, York, April 2013.
• **Llamas, C. (2013). Identifying places: borders, boundaries and hinterlands. A Sense of Place: Studies in Language and Region (Symposium in Honour of Prof. Joan Beal), Sheffield, April 2013.

2014

• Watt, D., Llamas, C., Kendall, T. & Fabricius, A. (2014). Interaction of derhoticisation and NURSE merger from synchronic and diachronic perspectives. Symposium on Historical Phonology, Edinburgh, January 2014. 
• *Llamas, C. & Watt, D. (2014). Accent and identity on the Scottish/English border. University of Oregon, Eugene, USA, March 2014.
• **Llamas, C. (2014). The northern limits of Northern English. 6th Northern Englishes Workshop (NEW), Lancaster, April 2014.
• *Watt, D. (2014). Derhoticisation and the NURSE merger in Borders Scottish English: Correlation or causation? Northern British Conference (NBC), University of Rouen, France, May 2014.