Analysing Patient Data using NHS England data

NHS England Data contains Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) of all inpatient admissions and outpatient appointments, Emergency Care Data Set (ECDS) for all Accident & Emergency attendances to NHS hospitals in England and Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) data for health gain in patients undergoing certain surgeries (e.g. hip or knee replacement). The HES are the main data source for many healthcare analyses for the NHS, government, and other organisations and individuals. There is also an increasing role for this observational dataset in providing evidence-based parameters, which are not collected in trials for the economic evaluation of new technologies.

The HES Admitted Patient Care (APC) dataset is available from 1989 onwards and it provides records for admitted patient organised in episodes of care, known as finished consultant episodes (FCEs). Each FCE relates to a period of care for a patient under a single consultant at a single hospital. Recorded FCEs steadily increased from 12 million in 1999-2000 to 16.8 million in 2009-10 to 20.9 million in 2019-20. In 2020-21, 16.2 million FCEs were recorded, a decline of 22% from 2019-20, reflecting the impact of the coronavirus pandemic. There were 19.6 and 20 million FCEs recorded in 2021-22 and 2022-23, respectively, showing the increasing demand for NHS care. The HES Outpatient (OP) dataset is available from 2003. In 2020-21, 101.9 million outpatient appointments were recorded – about 20 million appointments less than in 2019-20. However, 122.3 and 124.5 million outpatient appointments were recorded in 2021-22 and 2022-23, respectively.

The HES Accident & Emergency (A&E) data was collected from 2007 to 2019/20, with 25 million A&E attendances recorded in 2019-20, more than double the number of A&E attendances recorded in 2007-08. In 2020-21, the Emergency Care Data Set (ECDS) replaced the HES A&E dataset as the national data set for urgent and emergency care. The number of A&E attendances in 2020-21 fell to 17.4 million due to the coronavirus pandemic. In 2021-22 and 2022-23, 24.4 and 25.3 million A&E attendances were recorded in ECDS.

The HES APC dataset is one of the most challenging datasets to get to grips with: complex coding of data items, data provided at a level which is not immediately amenable to analysis, missing data, duplicates, the need to cost episodes of care via HRGs, and other data issues mean that the analyst has significant upfront investment costs when starting to use the data for their research needs.

Taught by academics with extensive experience in using NHS England data, including HES (APC and OP), ECDS and PROMs for a wide range of outputs, this intensive workshop introduces participants to NHS England data and teaches them how to handle, manipulate and analyse these very large datasets. The course is organised according to a three-level structure. 

In the lectures, a theoretical background is provided for each topic. Additionally, paper exercises are given for a limited number of cases to ensure a good understanding of the theory. The lectures also include illustrative examples of how HES data can be used in practice to address selected research questions.

At the end of the course, the participants should understand the complex nature of NHS England datasets, understand the importance of approaching HES, ECDS and PROMs data with a disciplined structure and have the tools required to manipulate data from the raw form to that required for analysis.

This course includes instruction on how to:

• understand, manage and manipulate HES APC, HES OP, ECDS PROMs
• construct and analyse key variables such as waiting times or length of stay
• analyse individual patient records defined as Finished Consultant Episodes, as well as Provider Spells and Continuous Inpatient Spells
• monitor emergency readmissions
• link HES APC data to HES OP data, ECDS, and Civil Registration of Death
• aggregate data by Healthcare Resource Group (HRG) or providers/commissioners
• cost data by HRG using the National Cost Collection data
• use the data for benchmarking and policy evaluation

This course is offered to people working in the public sector, academia and the private sector. It is suitable for analysts who wish to harness the power of non-randomised episode-level patient data to shed further light on such things as patient costs and pathways, re-admissions and outcomes and provider performance. The workshop is suitable for individuals working in NHS hospitals, commissioning organisations and the Department of Health, pharmaceutical companies or consultancy companies and for health care researchers and PhD students. Overseas applicants may also find the tuition can be applied to similar scenarios in their own country, but must be aware that the tuition and exercises relate directly to HES data, which is created for, and used in, England.

The tutors will be presenting examples of software code (Stata) that can be used to program certain data tasks (familiarity with Stata is NOT required).  We will not hold dedicated computer-based sessions as the focus of the course is not on coding but on understanding HES data and learning how to approach and address various research questions drawing information from HES.

Course Programme

Day 1:

• 10:30 – 11:00 - Registration and refreshments
• 11:00-11:15 - Introduction
• 11:15-12:00 - Introduction to HES datasets: Data-generating process and clinical coding; Inpatient data structure
• 12:00- 12:45 - Paper exercise: examining an example HES inpatient extract
• 12:45-13:45 - Lunch
• 13:45 - 15:15 - HES data manipulation: Dictionaries; key variables; Missing values; Dates
• 15:15 – 15:45 - Refreshments break
• 15:45 - 16:30 - HES data manipulation - duplicate records, linking patient episodes
• 16:30 - 17:15 - Paper exercise: Linking patient episodes
• 19:00 -22:00 - Dinner

Day 2:

• 10:00 - 10:15 - Illustrative example
• 10:15 - 11:15 - Linking inpatient data to other data (Civil registration data, ECDS, Outpatient)
• 11:15 - 11:45 - Refreshments break
• 11:45 - 12:30 - Paper exercise: Outpatient and ECDS data 
• 12:30-13:30 - Lunch
• 13:30 - 14:45 - Introduction to Healthcare Resource Groups (HRGs) and grouping process (1st part)
• 14:45 – 15:45 - Introduction to Healthcare Resource Groups (HRGs) and grouping process (2nd part)
• 15:45 - 16:15 - Refreshments break
• 16:15– 17:15 - Introduction to Healthcare Resource Groups (HRGs) and grouping process (3rd part)
• 17:15 - 17:45 - Q&A

The tutors for this course are researchers in the Centre for Health Economics, University of York:

	Rita Santos (Senior Research Fellow, Course coordinator) Rita Santos is a Senior Research Fellow at the Centre for Health Economics (CHE), University of York. Her research examines how the organisation and geography of health systems influence access, quality, and equity of care. She specialises in causal inference and systems approaches, using real-world data to investigate how place-based factors, provider behaviour, and institutional design shape population health outcomes. Her work combines spatial and network methods to model interdependencies between healthcare providers and to identify the mechanisms driving variation in performance across local health systems.
	Panos Kasteridis (Senior Research Fellow) Panagiotis is a Senior Research Fellow in Health and Social Care Policy. He holds a MSc and PhD in Economics from the University of Tennessee. Panagiotis uses microeconometric techniques to analyse economic issues relating to incentives facing individuals and health care providers across primary care, secondary care, mental health, and integrated care systems. Panagiotis is a member of the ESCHRU research team. He currently has an affiliated position with the University of Birmingham, Institute of Applied Health Research, co-leading the quantitative work of the QUERCC project that aims to develop a better understanding of continuity of care in English GP practices.
	Anastasia Arabadzhyan (Research Fellow) Anastasia joined CHE in August 2020. She holds a PhD in Economics from the University of Bologna. Anastasia is an applied microeconometritian with research interests covering a broad range of topics including Health Economics (in particular in the areas of Mental and Global Health), Economics of the Household, Crime Economics and Policy Evaluation. Prior to joining CHE she worked at the Centre for Advanced Studies in Tourism on the Horizon 2020 SOCLIMPACT project.
	Adriana Castelli (Senior Research Fellow) Adriana Castelli is a Senior Research Fellow in Health and Social Care Policy at CHE, which she joined in 2004. She has an MSc and PhD in Economics both awarded by the University of York. Before joining CHE, Adriana was a Research Fellow (2002) at the Department of Economics, University of York, for the EU project 'Rationing of Medical Services: An Empirical Study'. Her research interests include health policy reforms, performance measurement with a particular focus on the development of productivity measures of healthcare goods and services, and analysis of geographical/spatial variation in quality of life and health.
	Jinglin Wen (Research Fellow) Jinglin Wen joined CHE in October 2022.
	Xioatong Li (Research Fellow) Xiaotong joined the Centre for Health Economics (CHE) in September 2024 as a Research Fellow in Health and Social Care Policy. Her research interests broadly lie in health economics, policy evaluation, and applied microeconomics. Before joining CHE, she obtained her PhD from the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.
	Wei Song (Research Fellow) Wei Song is a Research Fellow in the Health and Social Care Policy theme.

Before you register on this course, please ensure you have secured the appropriate funding from your organisation.

Registration is completed online with instant payment by credit or debit card, securing your place on the course (please note that the University of York does not accept American Express).

We regret that we cannot reserve or hold places on this course in advance of booking or payment.

Fees

Fees are fully inclusive of tuition, lunches, drinks reception, course dinner and course materials, but do not include accommodation. VAT is not payable. 

* Public/Academic sector discounted rate: We offer a public/academic sector discounted rate which only applies to not-for-profit organisations (e.g. universities, charities, hospitals), government agencies and other public bodies worldwide. Please use discount code ACADAPLD at checkout to access this rate if applicable.

We also have a small number of PhD subsidised places available at a discounted rate of £450. These need to be approved in advance by the course lead and will be issued on a first come, first served basis. If you would like be considered please email us at che-apd@york.ac.uk.

Registration fees are payable in advance of the workshop dates.

Our short training courses do not carry any formal CPD (continuing professional development) accreditation.

Cancellations and Alterations

For bookings of between 1 and 5 people from the same organisation:

• A full refund of course registration fees (less a 10% administrative charge) will be made for cancellations received in writing at least one month prior to the course.
• Cancellations made less than one month prior to the course are not refundable. 

For larger bookings of 6 or more people from the same organisation:

• A full refund of course registration fees (less a 10% administrative charge) will be made for cancellations received in writing at least two months prior to the course.
• Cancellations made less than two months prior to the course are not refundable. 

Substitutes can be made but please email the substitute delegate details as soon as these are known, to the Course Administrators. 

Transfers between CHE's short courses/workshops is not possible.

Deferrals may be given under extenuating circumstances but will only be valid until the end of the following year - after that there can be no further deferral or refund. 

In the unlikely event that, due to unforeseen circumstances, the course has to be cancelled by the University of York, our liability is limited to a refund of paid course fees only.

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• Visit York
• Expedia Fulford Hotels

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