Dr Andy Needham
Lecturer in Early Prehistory and Experimental Archaeology

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Profile

Biography

Andy completed an undergraduate degree in (BSc) Archaeology in 2008 from the University of York, a Masters degree in (MSc) Early Prehistory and Human Origins in 2010 from the University of York, and a PhD focussing on Magdalenian engraved plaquettes in 2017 from the University of York.

Andy was appointed an Associate Lecturer in Palaeolithic Archaeology in 2017 and concurrently a Post-Doctoral Researcher on the Hidden Depths: The Ancestry of Our Most Human Emotions project (PI, Prof. Penny Spikins), focussing on aspects of Palaeolithic healthcare. Andy was subsequently (2018-19) appointed as a Humanities Research Centre Post-Doctoral fellow at the University, continuing his work on Palaeolithic healthcare. From 2019-23, Andy was awarded a British Academy Early Career Postdoctoral Research Fellowship for the Ornaments on the Edge project, which considered Mesolithic personal ornamentation from North-West Europe. Andy is currently Lecturer in Early Prehistory and Experimental Archaeology in the department.

Andy’s research focuses on aspects of Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, and Experimental Archaeology. Andy pursues a number of active research interests within these areas. Andy has recently been working on Magdalenian engraved plaquettes; Early Mesolithic personal ornamentation in North-West Europe; analysis of artefacts and materials, including ochre, flint tools, tars and resins; use of experimental archaeology to investigate research questions, including Palaeolithic rondelles, Neanderthal firelighting with manganese dioxide, aceramic cooking technology, stone and hearth construction, personal ornament production and use, flint tool use and breakage, and Palaeolithic art production and experience; healthcare during the Palaeolithic as reflected in the material culture and osteological record; Neanderthal cognition and lifeways, including childhood, sociality, and emotional capacities; soil geochemistry, site preservation and excavation, particularly around Palaeolithic and Mesolithic sites, focussing on peatland sites and caves; and archaeological pedagogy.

Andy’s teaching reflects his research specialism, covering artefacts, experimental archaeology, prehistoric art and ornamentation, and Palaeolith and Mesolithic lifeways. Andy is active in pedagogic research and presents and conferences and workshops and publishes about his teaching.

Departmental roles

Careers officer (2023-present)
Member of the Departmental Health and Safety Committee (2023-present)
Co-Director of the York Experimental Archaeology Research (YEAR) Centre (2017-present)
Departmental Safety Advisor (2017-2019)

University roles

Member of the Teaching and Learning Forum (2023-present)
Member of the Public Lectures Committee (2017-2019; 2022-present)

Research

Overview

Palaeolithic Art

Needham, A., Wisher, I., Langley, A., Amy, M., Little, A. (2022) Art by Firelight: Magdalenian Plaquettes as Performance Art. PLOS ONE, 17(4), e0266146. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266146

Bello, S., Blinkhorn, E., Needham, A., Bates, M., Duffy, S., Little, A., Pope, M., Scott, B., Shaw, A., Welch, M. D., Kinnaird, T., Millar, L., Robinson, R., Conneller, C. (2020) Artists on the edge of the world: An integrated approach to the study of Magdalenian engraved stone plaquettes from Jersey (Channel Islands). PLOS ONE 15(8), e0236875. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236875

Mesolithic Personal Ornaments

Needham, A., Little, A., Conneller, C., Pomstra, D., Croft, S., Milner, N. (2018) Beads and Pendant. In Milner, N., Conneller C. and Taylor, B. (Eds.) Star Carr: Volume 2: studies in technology, subsistence and environment, 463–476, York: White Rose Press. https://doi.org/10.22599/book2

Milner, N., Bamforth, M., Beale, G., Carty, J., Chatzipanagis, K., Croft, S., Conneller, C., Elliott, B., Fitton, L., Knight, B., Kroger, R., Little, A., Needham, A., Panter, I., Robson, H., Rowley, C., Taylor, B. (2016) A unique, engraved pendant from the Early Mesolithic site of Star Carr: the oldest Mesolithic art in Britain. Internet Archaeology 40, http://dx.doi.org/10.11141/ia.40.8.

Artefacts and Materials

Little, A., Needham, A., Langley, A., Elliott, B. (2022) Material and Sensory Experiences of Mesolithic Resinous Substances. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 33(2), 217–246. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959774322000300

Bates, J., Needham, A., Milner, N., Conneller, C., Little, A. (2022) How Were the Stone Awls at the Mesolithic Site of Star Carr Used? Results of Microwear, Experimental Archaeological and GIS Analysis. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2022.103478

Needham, A., Croft, S., Kröger, R., Robson, H., Rowley, C., Taylor, B., Gray Jones, A., Conneller, C. (2018) The application of micro-Raman for the analysis of ochre artefacts from Mesolithic palaeo-lake Flixton. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 17, 650–656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.12.002

Briz, I., Álvarez, M., Spikins, P., Needham, A. (2009) 'Durable Residues': Addressing the use of microwear, a case study from March Hill. Internet Archaeology 26, http://dx.doi.org/10.11141/ia.26.29.

Experimental Archaeology

Langley, A., Needham, A. (2021) A Spark of Inspiration: Experimentally Testing Manganese Dioxide as a Fire Lighting Aide. EXARC Journal 2021(1), https://exarc.net/ark:/88735/10557.

Needham, A., Langley, A., Benton, H., Biggs, S., Cousen, J., Derry, A., Hardman, M., Macy, K., Millar, D., Murray, E., Pock, F., Rowsell, J., Sandin Catacora, M., Van Oordt, G., Veitch-Scoggins, D., Little, A. (2019) Spinning in Circles: The Production and Function of Upper Palaeolithic Rondelles. EXARC Journal 15(3). https://exarc.net/ark:/88735/10430

Palaeolithic Healthcare

Spikins, P., Needham, A., Tilley, L., Hitchens, G. (2022) Calculated or Caring? Neanderthal Healthcare in Social Context. In Sykes, N., Shaw, J. (Eds.) The Archaeology of Medicine and Healthcare. UK: Routledge.

Spikins, P., Needham, A., Wright, B., Dytham, C., Gatta, M., Hitchens, G. (2019) Living to fight another day: The ecological and evolutionary significance of Neanderthal healthcare. Quaternary Science Reviews 217, 98–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.08.011.

Spikins, P., Needham, A., Tilley, L., Hitchens, G. (2018) Calculated or caring? Neanderthal Healthcare in social context. World Archaeology 50 (3), https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.2018.1433060.

Neanderthal Cognition and Lifeways

Spikins, P., Hitchens, G., Needham, A. (2017) Strangers in a Strange Land? Intimate sociality and emergent creativity in Middle Palaeolithic Europe. In Warren, G. and Finlayson, C. (Eds.) The Diversity of Hunter-Gatherer Pasts, 132–147. Oxford: Oxbow Books.

Spikins, P., Hitchens, G. and Needham, A., Rutherford, H. (2014) The Cradle of Thought: Growth, Learning, Play and Attachment in Neanderthal Children. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 33(2), 111–134. https://doi.org/10.1111/ojoa.12030

Spikins, P., Rutherford, H., Needham, A. (2010) From Homininity to Humanity: Compassion from the earliest archaics to modern humans. Time and Mind: The Journal of Archaeology, Consciousness and Culture 3(3), 303–325. https://doi.org/10.2752/175169610X12754030955977

Soil Geochemistry, Site Preservation and Excavation

Dinnis, R., Appleton, P., Boulton, J., Davies, J. S., Edwardson, R., Needham, A., Schouten, R., Williams, C. (2020) Excavations at Llanarmon Cave, Llanarmon-Yn-Iâl, Denbighshire. Archaeology in Wales.

High, K., Penkman, K., Panter, I., Boreham, S., Boreham, J., Knight, B., Needham, A., Elliott, B., Bamforth, M., Felter, M., Rowley, C. (2018) Degradation and Conservation. In Milner, N., Conneller, C. and Taylor, B. (Eds.) Star Carr: Volume 2: studies in technology, subsistence and environment, 175-192, York: White Rose Press. https://doi.org/10.22599/book2

Boreham, S., Conneller, C., Milner, N., Taylor, B., Needham, A., Boreham, J., Rolfe, C. J. (2011) Geochemical indicators of preservation status and site deterioration at Star Carr. Journal of Archaeological Science 30, 2833-2857.

Hadley, P., Milner, N., Hall, A., Taylor, M., Needham, A., Taylor, B., Conneller, C. (2010) To block lift or not to block lift? An experiment at the Early Mesolithic Site of Star Carr, North-East Yorkshire, UK. Internet Archaeology 28, http://dx.doi.org/10.11141/ia.28.2.

Pedagogy

Needham, A., Piper, S. (2022) Integrating outside spaces into learning and teaching. Forum Magazine 50.

Needham, A., Barr, I., Henson, D., Knight, B., Langley, A., Milner, N., Piper, S. (2022) Using MOOCs to facilitate international lifelong learning for Prehistoric Archaeology. Forum Magazine 50.

Projects

Overview

My research focuses on the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods and has covered geochemistry of peat landscapes, healthcare, childhood, evolution of emotional capacities, experimental archaeology, and in particular artistic expression.

2023-present: Pathways to Archaeology Project

The project is a collaboration with Dr Jana Anvari, Dr Emma Baysal, Prof. Caleb Adebayo Folorunso, Elspeth Hodgins, Dr Joanne Mol, Kate Rose and Prof. Claire Smith. The project aims to explore, via use of a survey, how year 1 undergraduate students select archaeology as a degree programme, their previous experience, as well as their expectations for the degree and careers.

Grants

2023-present: Craftwell Project

The Craftwell project is a collaboration with Dr Peter Coventry, Trish Darcy, Dr Aimée Little, Dr Gareth Perry, Dr Steph Piper, Dr Emily Shoesmith and Prof. Piran White, funded by the Environmental Sustainability Academy at York (EASY). The pilot project aims to explore the relationship between heritage craft activities, outdoor green spaces, and the promotion of mental wellbeing, working with students from across the University of York. This is achieved via delivery of a programme of outdoor heritage craft workshops at our outdoor experimental centre, using surveys and interviews to understand their impact.

2019-23: Ornaments on the Edge of the Mesolithic World Project

Andy’s British Academy Early Career Research Fellowship project, funded by the British Academy, investigated shale and amber beads from the Mesolithic period in North-West Europe, using experimental archaeology and microwear analysis, along with a raft of digital recording techniques to interpret and compare their biographies. This includes ongoing work to understand the tools used to perforate beads and pendants, and materials that might be used to inlay engraved designs. Forthcoming publications include the consideration of snapping patterns in tools used for drilling, results of shale raw material provenancing, and a suite of interpretive papers focussing on the personal ornaments from the study region.

Available PhD research projects

Andy supervises PhD and Masters by Research (MRes) projects which focus on aspects of Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, or experimental archaeology. Please send an email to Andy to discuss your ideas further.

Supervision

Current PhD students

Shanshan Li: The Ideology behind Anthropomorphic Figurines: A Comparative Study of Southern Europe and North-Eastern China in the Neolithic Period (8000-2500 BC) (co-supervised with Dr Penny Bickle)

Completed MRes students

Owen Gilmore-Noble: Holding Together: Exploring the Efficacy of Mesolithic and Neolithic Adhesive Technologies

Undergraduate and Postgraduate Dissertations

A number of Andy’s former dissertation students have won prizes for their work, presented their work at conferences, or published. Some of these projects are highlighted below:

Matt Amy: Magdalenian engraved stone plaquettes. Research published in the EXARC journal. Presented as a poster at Unravelling the Palaeolithic Conference.

Hannah Andrews: Neanderthal mortuary practices. Awarded the Charles Wellbeloved prize.

Phoebe Baker: Neanderthal footwear. Research presented at the EXARC conference, in preparation for publication with the EXARC journal.

Owen Gilmore-Noble: Mesolithic and Neolithic mastics. second place prize for the Prehistoric Society Undergraduate Dissertation prize. Winner of the best poster prize, CHAGS XIII conference.

Molly Hardman: Magdalenian portable art and cognition. Awarded first place for the Prehistoric Society Undergraduate Dissertation prize. Research presented at conferences.

Izzy Wisher: Magdalenian personal ornamentation. Winner of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society Hermann Ramm prize. Research presented at conferences.

Teaching

Undergraduate

Current Undergraduate Teaching

Andy teaches the following undergraduate courses:

Year 1

Artefacts and Materials (module leader)

Year 2

World Archaeology: Settlement and Societies (contributor)

Post-Excavation (contributor)

Year 3

Dissertation and Assessed Lecture (contributor)

Postgraduate

Current Postgraduate Teaching

Andy is the Director of Studies for the MA in Mesolithic Archaeology. Andy teaches the follow postgraduate courses:

Mesolithic Life and Death (module leader)

Prehistoric Art: Origins and Transitions (module leader)

Dissertation and Assessed Lecture (contributor)

Other teaching

Andy leads a team in teaching a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC): Exploring Stone Age Archaeology: The Mysteries of Star Carr.

Andy Needham stood with arms by side

Contact details

Dr Andrew Needham

Lecturer (Teaching & Scholarship)

Department of Archaeology

University of York

PalaeoHub

Wentworth Way

York

YO10 5NG

Tel: 01904 323287

andrew.needham@york.ac.uk

External activities

Invited talks and conferences

Invited talks

Below is a selection of Andy’s recent invited talks, reflecting some of his recent research:

Little, A., Needham, A., Piper, S., Perry, G. (2023) Experimental Archaeology at York: Bridging research, teaching and learning, outreach, health and wellbeing. Stavanger Museum, Norway.

Needham, A., Little, A., Langley, A., Elliott, B. (2022) Contemporary hunter-gatherer uses of Pinus and Betula, with particular focus on mastics. Ancient Tar Workshop. University of York, UK.

Needham, A., Wisher, I., Langley, A., Amy, M., Little, A. (2021) Art by Firelight? Magdalenian Plaquettes as Performance Art. Northern Palaeolithic and Evolutionary Anthropology Network. Online.

Needham, A. (2020) Ochre craft in the British Mesolithic. Festival of Lithics, Lithics Studies Society. Online.

Needham, A. (2019) Making Art in the Magdalenian: The Object Biography of Engraved Plaquettes from Montastruc, France. University of Chester.

Needham, A. (2018) Making Art in the Magdalenian: The Object Biography of Engraved Plaquettes from Montastruc, France. Palaeolithic Research Group, University of Durham.

Conferences

Conference organisation

2023-2024: Member of the organising committee for the Unravelling the Palaeolithic conference, University of York.

2023: Member of the organising committee for the Annual Learning and Teaching Conference, University of York.

2022-2025: Member of the Scientific Committee for the Conference on Hunting and Gathering Societies (CHAGS) XIV, University of Reno.

2019-2022: Member of the Scientific Committee for the Conference on Hunting and Gathering Societies (CHAGS) XIII, University College Dublin.

2018: Member of the Europa Conference organising committee, University of York.

Conference chairing

Below is a selection of Andy’s recent sessions organised at conferences, reflecting some of his current research interests:

Needham, A. (2022) Personal Ornamentation and social relations in hunter-gatherer worlds. Thirteenth International Conference on Hunting and Gathering Societies (CHAGS XIII). University College Dublin, Republic of Ireland.

Bates, J., Needham, A. (2021) Life on the move: The movement of people and things in prehistoric contexts. Theoretical Archaeology Group (TAG) Conference 42. Antiquity, online.

Wisher, I., Needham, A. (2021) Living in Material Worlds: New theoretical and technical approaches to object biographies. Theoretical Archaeology Group (TAG) Conference 42. Antiquity, online.

Little, A., Needham, A., Radini, A., Bates, J. (2021) YEAR hotspot session. EXARC 2021 World Tour Conference. EXARC, online.

Needham, A. (2019) Session 1: Fire and Light. Unravelling Human Origins Conference, University of York. Invited to chair session.

Charlton, S., Needham, A. (2018) Integrating Theory and Science in Archaeology, Theoretical Archaeology Group (TAG) Conference 40, University of Chester.

Lawton-Matthews, E., Needham, A. (2018) P32: The material correlates of kinship processes in hunter-gatherer societies. Twelfth International Conference on Hunting and Gathering Societies (CHAGS XII), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia.

Selected Conference papers and posters

Below is a selection of Andy’s recent conference presentations and posters, organised by research theme.

Palaeolithic Art

Wisher, I., Needham, A. (2022) From light to art: Integrating virtual reality and experimental approaches to explore relationships between Magdalenian parietal and portable art. European Association of Archaeologists 28. Hungarian National Museum, Budapest, Hungary.

Wisher, I., Needham, A., Langley, A., Amy, M., Little, A. (2022) Storying Magdalenian Stone Art: Manufacture and use informed by ethnography, experimental archaeology, and VR. Thirteenth International Conference on Hunting and Gathering Societies (CHAGS XIII), University College Dublin, Republic of Ireland.

Wisher, I., Needham, A. (2022) Making art in the Magdalenian: New insights into the relationship between Upper Palaeolithic parietal and portable art using digital and experimental approaches. Graduate Archaeology at Oxford Conference 2022, University of Oxford.

Wisher, I., Needham, A. (2019) Painting a different picture: reconceiving Neanderthal art through a relational framework. Unravelling Human Origins, University of York.

Amy, M., Needham, A., Langley, A. and Wisher, I. (2018) Playing with fire: Exploring the role of Magdalenian limestone plaquettes in hearth structures using experimental archaeology. Unravelling Human Origins Conference, University of York.

Needham, A. (2018) Relationality and early hominin hunter-gatherer worlds: A relational exploration of Neanderthal art. Theoretical Archaeology Group (TAG) 40, University of Chester.

Conneller, C., Bello, S., Blinkhorn, E., Little, A., Kröger, R., Bates, M., Duffy, S., Needham, A., Pope, M., Scott, B., Shaw, A. (2018) The Magdalenian Plaquettes of Les Varines, Jersey, and the Settlement of the Channel River Valley”. Palaeolithic/Mesolithic Conference, British Museum.

Needham, A. (2018) The Lines That Bind? Exploring Kinship in Relation to the Production and Use of Engraved Limestone Plaquettes from the Upper Palaeolithic Site of Montastruc, France, Twelfth International Conference on Hunting and Gathering Societies (CHAGS XII), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia.

Mesolithic Personal Ornaments

Needham, A. (2022) Personal Ornamentation and Social Relations in Hunter-Gatherer Worlds: Introduction. Thirteenth International Conference on Hunting and Gathering Societies (CHAGS XIII), University College Dublin, Republic of Ireland.

Needham, A., Bates, J., Conneller, C., Milner, N., Taylor, B., Little, A. (2022) Exploring human/non-human relations through personal ornament production and use at the Mesolithic site of Star Carr (UK). Thirteenth International Conference on Hunting and Gathering Societies (CHAGS XIII), University College Dublin, Republic of Ireland.

Needham, A., Bates, J., Conneller, C., Milner, N. and Little, A. (2021) From coast to carr to costume: plotting provenancing, production, and use of shale beads at Star Carr. Theoretical Archaeology Group 42, online.

Needham, A., Bates, J., Milner, N., Conneller, C. and Little, A. (2020) Personal ornaments at Star Carr: Integrating experimental archaeology, microwear analysis, and GIS to identify crafting spaces. MESO 2020, University of Toulouse.

Needham, A. (2020) An engraved shale pendant from Star Carr, UK: An indicator of a continental cultural connection? MESO 2020, University of Toulouse.

Needham, A., Bamforth, M., Beale, G., Carty, J., Chatzipanagis, K., Croft, S., Conneller, C., Elliott, B., Fitton, L., Knight, B., Kröger, R., Little, A., Milner, N., Pomstra, D., Robson, H., Rowley, C., Taylor, B. (2018) The life history of shale beads and pendants at the Mesolithic site of Star Carr. 1^st Annual Experimental Archaeology Student Symposium, Newcastle University.

Artefacts and Materials

Gilmore-Noble, O., Needham, A. (2022) Holding together: Mesolithic and Neolithic mastics. Thirteenth International Conference on Hunting and Gathering Societies (CHAGS XIII), University College Dublin, Republic of Ireland.

Elliott, B., Needham, A., Langley, A., Little, A. (2022) A sticky subject: towards a more holistic understanding of plant-based adhesives in the European Mesolithic. Thirteenth International Conference on Hunting and Gathering Societies (CHAGS XIII), University College Dublin, Republic of Ireland.

Needham, A., Bates, J., Milner, N., Conneller, C., Pomstra, D., Little, A. (2022) Understanding the use of flint awls at the Mesolithic site of Star Carr. Association of Archaeological Wear and Residue Analysts 2022, El Born Centre de Cultura i Memòria, Barcelona.

Needham, A., Croft, S., Kröger, R., Robson, H., Rowley, C., Taylor, B., Gray Jones, A., Conneller, C. (2018) The Earliest Mesolithic Ochre Artefacts in Britain? Results of Micro-Raman Spectroscopy and Microscopic Analysis of Ochre Artefacts from Palaeo-Lake Flixton, North Yorkshire, UK”. Palaeolithic/Mesolithic Conference, British Museum.

Experimental Archaeology

Baker, P., Needham, A. (2023) What did Neanderthals wear on their feet? An experimental archaeological investigation of Neanderthal footwear. Experimental Archaeology Conference (EAC) 13, University of Torun (Poland). [paper, online]

Needham, A., Bates, J., Little, A., Milner, N., Pomstra, D. (2023) Investigating flint awl snapping in the British Mesolithic using integrated methods. Experimental Archaeology Conference (EAC) 13, University of Torun (Poland). [paper, online]

Langley, A., Needham, A., Cifuentes-Alcobendas, G., Lucquin, A., Little, A. (2022) An experimental study of wet-cooking in organic vessels: implications for understanding the evolution of cooking technologies. Thirteenth International Conference on Hunting and Gathering Societies (CHAGS XIII), University College Dublin, Republic of Ireland.

Needham, A., Amy, M., Wisher, I., Langley, A., Little, A. (2021) Plaquettes as performance: Reflections on experimental replication of Magdalenian engraved limestone plaquettes. Theoretical Archaeology Group 42, online.

Needham, A., Wisher, I., Langley, A., Amy, M., Little, A. (2021) New insights into Palaeolithic portable art using digital and experimental approaches. EXARC World Tour, online.

Radini, A., Bates, J., Needham, A., Little, A. (2021) From the Body to the Mind: Experimental Archaeology and Human Health. EXARC World Tour, online.

Bates, J., Needham, A., Radini, A. Not just a technicality: Re-evaluating reference collections in Micro-Archaeology through Experimental Archaeology. EXARC World Tour, online.

Needham, A., Little, A., Milner, N., Bamforth, M., Beale, G., Carty, J., Chatzipanagis, K., Croft, S., Conneller, C., Elliott, B., Fitton, L., Knight, B., Kröger, R., Pomstra, D., Robson, H., Rowley, C., Taylor, B. (2019) Making and using beads and pendants at Mesolithic Star Carr. Experimental Archaeology Conference 11, University of Trento.

Langley, A., Needham, A., Benton, H., Biggs, S., Cousen, J., Darlington, A., Derry, A., Hardman, M., Macy, K., Millar, D., Murray, E., Pock, F., Rowsell, J., Sandin Catacora, M., Van Oordt, G., Veitch-Scoggins, D., Little, A. (2018) Going around in circles? Exploring production and use of Magdalenian rondelles using experimental archaeology. Unravelling Human Origins Conference, University of York.

Palaeolithic Healthcare

Needham, A. (2018) Approaching hominin healthcare: Large- and small-scale approaches to Neanderthal healthcare. Theoretical Archaeology Group (TAG) 40, University of Chester.

Spikins, P., Needham, A., Wright, B., Dytham, C., Gatta, M., Hitchens. G. (2018) Healthcare provisioning in evolutionary context. European Society for the Study of Human Evolution (ESHE) 7, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal.

Pedagogy

Piper, S., Needham, A. (2023) MOOCs as pre-engagement: Pathways to non-school subjects at University level. Annual Learning and Teaching Conference 15, University York.

Needham, A., Piper, S. (2023) Crafting Collaborative Communities: Experimental Archaeology and Outdoor Learning. European First Year Experience (EFYE) Conference, University of Dundee (UK).

Piper, S., Needham, A. (2022) Integrating outside spaces into learning and teaching. Learning and Teaching Forum: 2021-22: A year in review lightning talk, University of York.

Piper, S., Needham, A. (2022) Integrating outside spaces into learning and teaching. Learning and Teaching Forum workshop. University of York.

Needham, A., Barr, I., Henson, D., Knight, B., Langley, A., Milner, N., Piper, S. (2022) Using MOOCs to facilitate international lifelong learning for Prehistoric Archaeology. Annual Learning and Teaching Conference 14, University of York.

Needham, A., Bates, J., Groves, M., Langley, A., Piper, S. (2020) Crafting Inclusive Learning Communities using Small Group Practical Work. Annual Learning and Teaching Conference 12, University of York.

Needham, A., Bates, J., Groves, M., Langley, A. and Piper, S. (2020) A Novel Approach to Artefact Studies in Archaeology: Using Experimental Archaeology to Facilitate Deep Learning. Annual Learning and Teaching Conference 12, University of York.

Needham, A., Bates J., Groves, M., Langley, A. and Piper, S. (2020) Creating Innovative Learning Methods in Archaeology: Integrating the Practical and the Theoretical in Artefact Studies. Annual Learning and Teaching Conference 11, University of York.

Needham, A., Langley, A. and Little, A. (2019) Inspiring Young Minds: The Role of Experimental Archaeology in Delivering the Key Stage 2 Stone Age Curriculum. Annual Learning and Teaching Conference 11, University of York.

Little, A., Needham, A., Langley, A. (2019) Reflections on an Archaeological Learning Community: Undergraduate Year 2 Experimental Archaeology Practical Skills and Independent Project. Annual Learning and Teaching Conference 11, University of York.