Shift working

Shift working operates in areas where the service provided requires staffing for an extended period, often the full 24-hour day, for example security services. Employees are advised in advance the times that they will be working and the period for which those times will apply. Employees are usually permitted to ‘swap’ shifts with colleagues to address individual circumstances.

• Shift-working can enable the provision of a service outside normal working hours, although the considerable additional staff costs may mean it is not a viable option.
• Changing shift times too frequently can be disruptive to the sleep patterns, domestic commitments and leisure interests of staff. Shift organisers should make every effort to avoid frequent or unplanned changes.
• A shift system requires high staffing levels and with some types of employees that could lead to recruitment problems.

Rotas and staggered hours

This arrangement means that although employees work fixed hours every day the start, finish and/or lunch times are specific to an individual. It enables the work of that section to be covered for a longer working day and can enable managers to improve the service they offer, for example to students.

• Such arrangements can help employees to avoid the rush hour traffic, or to respond to caring requirements at the start or end of the working day.
• Where there are no service benefits to be gained by extending hours, the benefits to the employee may be outweighed by requirements for longer periods of heating and lighting, reception or portering support.
• If the working pattern is not the same every week good communication will be essential to ensure the team knows when everyone is working.
• The security needs of employees must be given proper consideration where lone and/or out of hours arrangements are in place. Please refer to the University Management Procedure regarding Lone Working Arrangements.